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Course Description

CourseCodeSemesterT+P (Hour)CreditECTS
COMMUNICATION THEORIES-Fall Semester3+035
Course Program
Prerequisites Courses
Recommended Elective Courses
Language of CourseTurkish
Course LevelFirst Cycle (Bachelor's Degree)
Course TypeRequired
Course CoordinatorAssist.Prof. Asena TEMELLİ COŞGUN
Name of Lecturer(s)Assoc.Prof. Başak GEZMEN
Assistant(s)
AimThe approach, theory and models developed in the field of communication and media studies are discussed in relation to the general social theory. As the basic concepts and arguments of the theories that are evaluated in this direction are put forth, the historical, cultural and intellectual context in which the theories are produced is clarified.
Course ContentThis course contains; Evaluation of the concepts of "communication", "media", "mass media", "communication theories", "communication studies" and "media studies" and periodicals and classifications related to communication theories,to Society and Communication; From Face-to-Face Communication to Mass Communication; Historical Development of Communication Studies; Different Orientations in Mass Communication Studies,The Concept of Mass Society and the Development of Mass Society; Mass Culture; Theorists and Approaches to Mass Society; The Role of Mass Communication Tools,Comparative Analysis of Mainstream Communication Theories and Critical Communication Theories; Early American Communication Studies I: Chicago School: Philosophy of the School, Centrality of Communication, Symbolic Interactionism, Main Criticisms of the School,Development and Key Features of Mainstream Communication Approaches; Powerful Effects Paradigm in Mainstream Approaches (Walter Lippmann and Public Opinion, Laswell's Communication Approach, Magic Bullet/Hypodermic Needle Model, Shannon and Weaver's Information Theory),Limited Effects Paradigm in Mainstream Communication Studies (Hovland and Persuasion, Two-Step Flow Theory, Uses and Gratifications); Reemergence of Powerful Effects Paradigm (Agenda-Setting, Framing Theory, Dependency Theory, Spiral of Silence),Cultivation Theory and Cultural Indicators Project (George Gerbner); Other Theories and Models: Gatekeeping Model, Information Deficit Hypothesis, Diffusion of Innovations Model, Riley and Riley's Sociological Model; Psychological Theories: Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory, ABX Balance Model, Westley and MacLean's Mediated Communication Model; Technological Approaches to Communication (H. Innis and McLuhan),Critical Communication Theories: Frankfurt School, Critical Theory, and Culture Industry (Adorno and Horkheimer),British Cultural Studies: Raymond Williams and Flow Theory, Stuart Hall - Encoding/Decoding, Culture and Popular Culture,Gramsci and Hegemony - 'Consent Concept,' Louis Althusser - State Ideological Apparatuses, Structuralist Linguistics and Semiotics (Saussure and Barthes),Political Economy of Communication: Corporateization Process, Commodification of Communication, Globalization, Neoliberal Policies, and New Capitalism, Consumer Society,Michel Foucault and the Society of Surveillance,Jean Baudrillard and the Hyperreality Concept, Reading Media Messages in the Post-Truth Era,Globalization and Communication: Manuel Castells' Information Age, The Power of Communication.
Dersin Öğrenme KazanımlarıTeaching MethodsAssessment Methods
Describe the concepts of "communication", "media", "mass media", "communication theories", "communication studies" and "media studies".19, 9A
Explain the media concept of mass society and mass culture approach.19, 9A
Describe the strong influence approach and the syringe / hypodermic needle model.19, 9A
Explain the communication researches based on psychology and social psychology, the concept of humiliation and threshold supervision.19, 9A
The strong influence approach explains the two-stage flow theory of communication and the conception of opinion.19, 9A
Explain the basic arguments and representatives of the theory of use and satisfaction.19, 9A
Evaluates the communication and media research of the Chicago School.19, 9A
It explains Critical Communication Theories.19, 9A
Teaching Methods:19: Brainstorming Technique, 9: Lecture Method
Assessment Methods:A: Traditional Written Exam

Course Outline

OrderSubjectsPreliminary Work
1Evaluation of the concepts of "communication", "media", "mass media", "communication theories", "communication studies" and "media studies" and periodicals and classifications related to communication theoriesLevent Yaylagül Mass Communication Theories p. 13-37 Burak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p.21-34 ​
2to Society and Communication; From Face-to-Face Communication to Mass Communication; Historical Development of Communication Studies; Different Orientations in Mass Communication StudiesLevent Yaylagül Mass Communication Theories p. 13-37
3The Concept of Mass Society and the Development of Mass Society; Mass Culture; Theorists and Approaches to Mass Society; The Role of Mass Communication ToolsBurak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p. 39-54
4Comparative Analysis of Mainstream Communication Theories and Critical Communication Theories; Early American Communication Studies I: Chicago School: Philosophy of the School, Centrality of Communication, Symbolic Interactionism, Main Criticisms of the SchoolLevent Yaylagül Mass Communication Theories p. 29-37 Burak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p. 57-82
5Development and Key Features of Mainstream Communication Approaches; Powerful Effects Paradigm in Mainstream Approaches (Walter Lippmann and Public Opinion, Laswell's Communication Approach, Magic Bullet/Hypodermic Needle Model, Shannon and Weaver's Information Theory)Levent Yaylagül Mass Communication Theories p. 55-58 Burak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p. 85-97
6Limited Effects Paradigm in Mainstream Communication Studies (Hovland and Persuasion, Two-Step Flow Theory, Uses and Gratifications); Reemergence of Powerful Effects Paradigm (Agenda-Setting, Framing Theory, Dependency Theory, Spiral of Silence)Burak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p. 99-128
7Cultivation Theory and Cultural Indicators Project (George Gerbner); Other Theories and Models: Gatekeeping Model, Information Deficit Hypothesis, Diffusion of Innovations Model, Riley and Riley's Sociological Model; Psychological Theories: Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory, ABX Balance Model, Westley and MacLean's Mediated Communication Model; Technological Approaches to Communication (H. Innis and McLuhan)Burak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p. 128-153 Levent Yaylagül Mass Communication Theories p. 61-72
8Critical Communication Theories: Frankfurt School, Critical Theory, and Culture Industry (Adorno and Horkheimer)Burak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p. 161-173
9British Cultural Studies: Raymond Williams and Flow Theory, Stuart Hall - Encoding/Decoding, Culture and Popular CultureBurak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p. 181-200
10Gramsci and Hegemony - 'Consent Concept,' Louis Althusser - State Ideological Apparatuses, Structuralist Linguistics and Semiotics (Saussure and Barthes)Levent Yaylagül Mass Communication Theories p. 113-130
11Political Economy of Communication: Corporateization Process, Commodification of Communication, Globalization, Neoliberal Policies, and New Capitalism, Consumer SocietyBurak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories 207-226 J. Baudrillard Consumer Society, Armand Mattelart Beyin İğfal Şebekesi
12Michel Foucault and the Society of SurveillanceAldous Huxley-Brave New World George Orwell -1984 Neil Postman Amusing Ourselves to Death
13Jean Baudrillard and the Hyperreality Concept, Reading Media Messages in the Post-Truth EraWatching the film "The Truman Show" and the documentary "The Great Hack"
14Globalization and Communication: Manuel Castells' Information Age, The Power of CommunicationBurak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p. 262-265 Levent Yaylagül Mass Communication Theories p. 193-204
Resources
1. R. Kaya, İktidar Yumağı: Medya-Sermaye-Devlet. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi. sf. 23-33 ve 44-64, 2009. 2. D. Laughey, Medya Çalışmaları: Teoriler ve Yaklaşımlar. Çev. Ali Toprak. İstanbul: Kalkedon. sf. 9-24, 2010 3. A. Swingewood, Kitle Kültürü Efsanesi. Çev. Aykut Kansu. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları. sf. 17-29, 1996 4. M. Bourse ve H. Yücel İletişim Bilimlerinin Serüveni. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları. sf. 78-84, 2012 5. D. Laughey, Medya Çalışmaları: Teoriler ve Yaklaşımlar. Çev. Ali Toprak. İstanbul: Kalkedon. sf. 39-44, 2010 6. E. Maigret, Medya ve İletişim Sosyolojisi. Çev. Halime Yücel. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. sf. 69-81, 2011 7. J. Fiske, İletişim Çalışmalarına Giriş. 2. baskı. Çev. Süleyman İrvan. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları. sf. 194-202, 2003 8. O. Morva, Chicago Okulu: Pragmatik Sosyal Teoride İletişimin Keşfi. İstanbul: Doruk Yayınları. sf. 85-143, 2013 9. D. McQuail ve S. Windahl İletişim Modelleri: Kitle İletişim Çalışmalarında. Çev. Konca Yumlu. Ankara: İmge Yayınevi. sf. 127-131, 2005 10. E. Noelle-Neumann, “Suskunluk Sarmalı Kuramı’nın Medyayı Anlamaya Etkisi.” Medya Kültür Siyaset. Der. Süleyman İrvan. 2. Basım. Ankara: Alp Yayınları. sf. 379-391, 2002 11. N. Stevenson, Medya Kültürleri: Sosyal Teori ve Kitle İletişimi. Çev. Göze Orhon ve Barış Engin Aksoy. Ankara: Ütopya Yayınevi. (“Marshall McLuhan ve Kültürel Araçlar” bölümü sf. 195-216), 2008 12. N. Türkoğlu, İletişim Bilimlerinden Kültürel Çalışmalara Toplumsal İletişim: Tanımlar, Kavramlar, Tartışmalar. İstanbul: Urban Kitap. sf. 123-139, 2010 13. J. Tomlinson, John Kültürel Emperyalizm: Eleştirel Bir Giriş. Çev. Emrehan Zeybekoğlu. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları. sf. 57-74, 1999 14. N. Chomsky ve E. S. Herman Rızanın İmalatı: Kitle Medyasının Ekonomi Politiği. Çev. Ender Abadoğlu. İstanbul: Aram Yayıncılık. sf. 75-120, 2006

Course Contribution to Program Qualifications

Course Contribution to Program Qualifications
NoProgram QualificationContribution Level
12345
1
Know the basic concepts of journalism and the basic theories of these disciplines.
2
Determine facts related to journalism and analyzes these facts from various dimensions.
3
Use her/his expert knowledge, she takes part in the decision-making mechanisms of businesses, identifies the problems encountered and offers solutions.
4
Carries out analyzes for institutions and prepares a communication plan in line with the needs of the institutions.
5
Solve problems that arise in projects related to her field by taking responsibility when necessary.
6
Take part in a team established for projects related to his/her field, leads the project, plans and manages the events.
7
Investigate theoretical and factual problems related to the discipline of journalism and sub-disciplines with scientific methods, analyzes the findings and turns them into scientific publications.
8
Adopt the principle of lifelong learning as its principle. He regularly follows developments, innovations, ideas, methods and techniques in his field and uses them effectively in his own work.
9
Use Turkish language fluently and accurately in scientific and professional works.
10
Use new communication technologies effectively in her professional and scientific studies and constantly follows the developments in new communication technologies.(dişil)
11
Communicates verbally and in writing by using English at least at the European Language Portfolio B1 General Level.
12
Act in a way that adheres to ethical codes in her professional and scientific work.(dişil)
13
Plan social responsibility activities and takes part in the realization of these activities.
14
Carry out measurement and evaluation of the communication activities it carries out.
15
Knowledgeable about occupational health and safety and can use this information when necessary.
16
It is sensitive to the environment, the universality of social rights and the protection of cultural values.
17
Use methods and techniques of the discipline of journalism, it carries out various public relations and advertising campaigns in public and private sector organizations.

Assessment Methods

Contribution LevelAbsolute Evaluation
Rate of Midterm Exam to Success 40
Rate of Final Exam to Success 60
Total 100
ECTS / Workload Table
ActivitiesNumber ofDuration(Hour)Total Workload(Hour)
Course Hours14342
Guided Problem Solving818
Resolution of Homework Problems and Submission as a Report000
Term Project31545
Presentation of Project / Seminar000
Quiz000
Midterm Exam12020
General Exam13535
Performance Task, Maintenance Plan000
Total Workload(Hour)150
Dersin AKTS Kredisi = Toplam İş Yükü (Saat)/30*=(150/30)5
ECTS of the course: 30 hours of work is counted as 1 ECTS credit.

Detail Informations of the Course

Course Description

CourseCodeSemesterT+P (Hour)CreditECTS
COMMUNICATION THEORIES-Fall Semester3+035
Course Program
Prerequisites Courses
Recommended Elective Courses
Language of CourseTurkish
Course LevelFirst Cycle (Bachelor's Degree)
Course TypeRequired
Course CoordinatorAssist.Prof. Asena TEMELLİ COŞGUN
Name of Lecturer(s)Assoc.Prof. Başak GEZMEN
Assistant(s)
AimThe approach, theory and models developed in the field of communication and media studies are discussed in relation to the general social theory. As the basic concepts and arguments of the theories that are evaluated in this direction are put forth, the historical, cultural and intellectual context in which the theories are produced is clarified.
Course ContentThis course contains; Evaluation of the concepts of "communication", "media", "mass media", "communication theories", "communication studies" and "media studies" and periodicals and classifications related to communication theories,to Society and Communication; From Face-to-Face Communication to Mass Communication; Historical Development of Communication Studies; Different Orientations in Mass Communication Studies,The Concept of Mass Society and the Development of Mass Society; Mass Culture; Theorists and Approaches to Mass Society; The Role of Mass Communication Tools,Comparative Analysis of Mainstream Communication Theories and Critical Communication Theories; Early American Communication Studies I: Chicago School: Philosophy of the School, Centrality of Communication, Symbolic Interactionism, Main Criticisms of the School,Development and Key Features of Mainstream Communication Approaches; Powerful Effects Paradigm in Mainstream Approaches (Walter Lippmann and Public Opinion, Laswell's Communication Approach, Magic Bullet/Hypodermic Needle Model, Shannon and Weaver's Information Theory),Limited Effects Paradigm in Mainstream Communication Studies (Hovland and Persuasion, Two-Step Flow Theory, Uses and Gratifications); Reemergence of Powerful Effects Paradigm (Agenda-Setting, Framing Theory, Dependency Theory, Spiral of Silence),Cultivation Theory and Cultural Indicators Project (George Gerbner); Other Theories and Models: Gatekeeping Model, Information Deficit Hypothesis, Diffusion of Innovations Model, Riley and Riley's Sociological Model; Psychological Theories: Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory, ABX Balance Model, Westley and MacLean's Mediated Communication Model; Technological Approaches to Communication (H. Innis and McLuhan),Critical Communication Theories: Frankfurt School, Critical Theory, and Culture Industry (Adorno and Horkheimer),British Cultural Studies: Raymond Williams and Flow Theory, Stuart Hall - Encoding/Decoding, Culture and Popular Culture,Gramsci and Hegemony - 'Consent Concept,' Louis Althusser - State Ideological Apparatuses, Structuralist Linguistics and Semiotics (Saussure and Barthes),Political Economy of Communication: Corporateization Process, Commodification of Communication, Globalization, Neoliberal Policies, and New Capitalism, Consumer Society,Michel Foucault and the Society of Surveillance,Jean Baudrillard and the Hyperreality Concept, Reading Media Messages in the Post-Truth Era,Globalization and Communication: Manuel Castells' Information Age, The Power of Communication.
Dersin Öğrenme KazanımlarıTeaching MethodsAssessment Methods
Describe the concepts of "communication", "media", "mass media", "communication theories", "communication studies" and "media studies".19, 9A
Explain the media concept of mass society and mass culture approach.19, 9A
Describe the strong influence approach and the syringe / hypodermic needle model.19, 9A
Explain the communication researches based on psychology and social psychology, the concept of humiliation and threshold supervision.19, 9A
The strong influence approach explains the two-stage flow theory of communication and the conception of opinion.19, 9A
Explain the basic arguments and representatives of the theory of use and satisfaction.19, 9A
Evaluates the communication and media research of the Chicago School.19, 9A
It explains Critical Communication Theories.19, 9A
Teaching Methods:19: Brainstorming Technique, 9: Lecture Method
Assessment Methods:A: Traditional Written Exam

Course Outline

OrderSubjectsPreliminary Work
1Evaluation of the concepts of "communication", "media", "mass media", "communication theories", "communication studies" and "media studies" and periodicals and classifications related to communication theoriesLevent Yaylagül Mass Communication Theories p. 13-37 Burak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p.21-34 ​
2to Society and Communication; From Face-to-Face Communication to Mass Communication; Historical Development of Communication Studies; Different Orientations in Mass Communication StudiesLevent Yaylagül Mass Communication Theories p. 13-37
3The Concept of Mass Society and the Development of Mass Society; Mass Culture; Theorists and Approaches to Mass Society; The Role of Mass Communication ToolsBurak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p. 39-54
4Comparative Analysis of Mainstream Communication Theories and Critical Communication Theories; Early American Communication Studies I: Chicago School: Philosophy of the School, Centrality of Communication, Symbolic Interactionism, Main Criticisms of the SchoolLevent Yaylagül Mass Communication Theories p. 29-37 Burak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p. 57-82
5Development and Key Features of Mainstream Communication Approaches; Powerful Effects Paradigm in Mainstream Approaches (Walter Lippmann and Public Opinion, Laswell's Communication Approach, Magic Bullet/Hypodermic Needle Model, Shannon and Weaver's Information Theory)Levent Yaylagül Mass Communication Theories p. 55-58 Burak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p. 85-97
6Limited Effects Paradigm in Mainstream Communication Studies (Hovland and Persuasion, Two-Step Flow Theory, Uses and Gratifications); Reemergence of Powerful Effects Paradigm (Agenda-Setting, Framing Theory, Dependency Theory, Spiral of Silence)Burak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p. 99-128
7Cultivation Theory and Cultural Indicators Project (George Gerbner); Other Theories and Models: Gatekeeping Model, Information Deficit Hypothesis, Diffusion of Innovations Model, Riley and Riley's Sociological Model; Psychological Theories: Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory, ABX Balance Model, Westley and MacLean's Mediated Communication Model; Technological Approaches to Communication (H. Innis and McLuhan)Burak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p. 128-153 Levent Yaylagül Mass Communication Theories p. 61-72
8Critical Communication Theories: Frankfurt School, Critical Theory, and Culture Industry (Adorno and Horkheimer)Burak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p. 161-173
9British Cultural Studies: Raymond Williams and Flow Theory, Stuart Hall - Encoding/Decoding, Culture and Popular CultureBurak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p. 181-200
10Gramsci and Hegemony - 'Consent Concept,' Louis Althusser - State Ideological Apparatuses, Structuralist Linguistics and Semiotics (Saussure and Barthes)Levent Yaylagül Mass Communication Theories p. 113-130
11Political Economy of Communication: Corporateization Process, Commodification of Communication, Globalization, Neoliberal Policies, and New Capitalism, Consumer SocietyBurak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories 207-226 J. Baudrillard Consumer Society, Armand Mattelart Beyin İğfal Şebekesi
12Michel Foucault and the Society of SurveillanceAldous Huxley-Brave New World George Orwell -1984 Neil Postman Amusing Ourselves to Death
13Jean Baudrillard and the Hyperreality Concept, Reading Media Messages in the Post-Truth EraWatching the film "The Truman Show" and the documentary "The Great Hack"
14Globalization and Communication: Manuel Castells' Information Age, The Power of CommunicationBurak Özçetin Mass Communication Theories p. 262-265 Levent Yaylagül Mass Communication Theories p. 193-204
Resources
1. R. Kaya, İktidar Yumağı: Medya-Sermaye-Devlet. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi. sf. 23-33 ve 44-64, 2009. 2. D. Laughey, Medya Çalışmaları: Teoriler ve Yaklaşımlar. Çev. Ali Toprak. İstanbul: Kalkedon. sf. 9-24, 2010 3. A. Swingewood, Kitle Kültürü Efsanesi. Çev. Aykut Kansu. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları. sf. 17-29, 1996 4. M. Bourse ve H. Yücel İletişim Bilimlerinin Serüveni. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları. sf. 78-84, 2012 5. D. Laughey, Medya Çalışmaları: Teoriler ve Yaklaşımlar. Çev. Ali Toprak. İstanbul: Kalkedon. sf. 39-44, 2010 6. E. Maigret, Medya ve İletişim Sosyolojisi. Çev. Halime Yücel. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. sf. 69-81, 2011 7. J. Fiske, İletişim Çalışmalarına Giriş. 2. baskı. Çev. Süleyman İrvan. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları. sf. 194-202, 2003 8. O. Morva, Chicago Okulu: Pragmatik Sosyal Teoride İletişimin Keşfi. İstanbul: Doruk Yayınları. sf. 85-143, 2013 9. D. McQuail ve S. Windahl İletişim Modelleri: Kitle İletişim Çalışmalarında. Çev. Konca Yumlu. Ankara: İmge Yayınevi. sf. 127-131, 2005 10. E. Noelle-Neumann, “Suskunluk Sarmalı Kuramı’nın Medyayı Anlamaya Etkisi.” Medya Kültür Siyaset. Der. Süleyman İrvan. 2. Basım. Ankara: Alp Yayınları. sf. 379-391, 2002 11. N. Stevenson, Medya Kültürleri: Sosyal Teori ve Kitle İletişimi. Çev. Göze Orhon ve Barış Engin Aksoy. Ankara: Ütopya Yayınevi. (“Marshall McLuhan ve Kültürel Araçlar” bölümü sf. 195-216), 2008 12. N. Türkoğlu, İletişim Bilimlerinden Kültürel Çalışmalara Toplumsal İletişim: Tanımlar, Kavramlar, Tartışmalar. İstanbul: Urban Kitap. sf. 123-139, 2010 13. J. Tomlinson, John Kültürel Emperyalizm: Eleştirel Bir Giriş. Çev. Emrehan Zeybekoğlu. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları. sf. 57-74, 1999 14. N. Chomsky ve E. S. Herman Rızanın İmalatı: Kitle Medyasının Ekonomi Politiği. Çev. Ender Abadoğlu. İstanbul: Aram Yayıncılık. sf. 75-120, 2006

Course Contribution to Program Qualifications

Course Contribution to Program Qualifications
NoProgram QualificationContribution Level
12345
1
Know the basic concepts of journalism and the basic theories of these disciplines.
2
Determine facts related to journalism and analyzes these facts from various dimensions.
3
Use her/his expert knowledge, she takes part in the decision-making mechanisms of businesses, identifies the problems encountered and offers solutions.
4
Carries out analyzes for institutions and prepares a communication plan in line with the needs of the institutions.
5
Solve problems that arise in projects related to her field by taking responsibility when necessary.
6
Take part in a team established for projects related to his/her field, leads the project, plans and manages the events.
7
Investigate theoretical and factual problems related to the discipline of journalism and sub-disciplines with scientific methods, analyzes the findings and turns them into scientific publications.
8
Adopt the principle of lifelong learning as its principle. He regularly follows developments, innovations, ideas, methods and techniques in his field and uses them effectively in his own work.
9
Use Turkish language fluently and accurately in scientific and professional works.
10
Use new communication technologies effectively in her professional and scientific studies and constantly follows the developments in new communication technologies.(dişil)
11
Communicates verbally and in writing by using English at least at the European Language Portfolio B1 General Level.
12
Act in a way that adheres to ethical codes in her professional and scientific work.(dişil)
13
Plan social responsibility activities and takes part in the realization of these activities.
14
Carry out measurement and evaluation of the communication activities it carries out.
15
Knowledgeable about occupational health and safety and can use this information when necessary.
16
It is sensitive to the environment, the universality of social rights and the protection of cultural values.
17
Use methods and techniques of the discipline of journalism, it carries out various public relations and advertising campaigns in public and private sector organizations.

Assessment Methods

Contribution LevelAbsolute Evaluation
Rate of Midterm Exam to Success 40
Rate of Final Exam to Success 60
Total 100

Numerical Data

Student Success

Ekleme Tarihi: 05/10/2023 - 13:45Son Güncelleme Tarihi: 05/10/2023 - 13:46