Ders Detayı
Course Description
Course | Code | Semester | T+P (Hour) | Credit | ECTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RESEARCH TECHNIQUES in BIOCHEMISTY II | - | Spring Semester | 2+2 | 3 | 6 |
Course Program |
Prerequisites Courses | |
Recommended Elective Courses |
Language of Course | Turkish |
Course Level | Third Cycle (Doctorate Degree) |
Course Type | Elective |
Course Coordinator | |
Name of Lecturer(s) | Prof.Dr. Neslin EMEKLİ, Prof.Dr. Türkan YİĞİTBAŞI, Assoc.Prof. Sultan Sibel ERDEM, Assist.Prof. Gözde ÜLFER, Assist.Prof. Çağrı ÇAKICI, Assist.Prof. Derya CANSIZ |
Assistant(s) | |
Aim | Detailed information about the methods and devices used in biochemical research |
Course Content | This course contains; Creative thinking and research ethics in basic health sciences,National, international studies and resources on the production and transmission of information,Preparation of scientific publications and project examples and protection of the right of intellectual property,Methods of panda and cell purification,Electrophoresis differentiation methods (I),Electrophoresis differentiation methods (II),Chromotographic methods according to separation mechanisms (I),Chromotographic methods according to separation methods (II),Immunological methods,Immunohistochemical differentiation methods,Radioactive labeled immunological methods,Methods of protein separation by chemical methods,Methods of separation and measurement of lipids by chemical methods,Quality management in laboratories. |
Dersin Öğrenme Kazanımları | Teaching Methods | Assessment Methods |
1-Evaluate creative thinking and research ethics in biochemistry and basic health sciences | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
1.1Analyze creative thinking about vital events in and out of the cell | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
3-To prepare the scientific publications and project examples and to know explains the legislation on the protection of the right of intellectual property | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
3.1.Abstract, introduction and purpose in the scientific publication, methods used, explains and rules that should be considered in the discussion | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
3.2.Provides national and international project support applications | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
3.3.Explain the concept of protection of copyrights, copyright, patent | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
4-Apply the methods of purification and cell purification | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
4.1.Applies to preparative and analytical purification methods of enzymes and proteins | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
4.3.Excraction, precipitation, definition of separation rules in ultracentrifuge | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
4.4.Explains how to make molecules of various sizes in dialysis | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
4.5.What conditions will the molecule be stored in question? | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
5-Discuss electrophoretic separation methods | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
5.1.Explains Electrophoresis varieties | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
6-Explains chromatographic separation methods | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
6.1.Discuss the difference between several chromatographic methods | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
7-Immunological and immunohistochemical methods questions | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
7.1.Inquire the principles of immunelectrophoresis | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
7.2.Analyze various types of immunoelectrophoresis | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
7.3.Explains Immunohistochemical methods used in body fluids | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
7.4.Discuss the use of immunohistochemical methods in diagnosis and treatment, may develop creative ideas | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
8-Analyzes the various differentiation methods related to macromolecules | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
8.1.Analyze chemical separation methods related to proteins | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
8.2.Analyze the chemical separation methods related to nucleic acids | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
8.3.Analyze chemical separation methods related to lipids | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
8.4.Describe chemical separation methods related to carbohydrates | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
9-Questions about laboratory quality management | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
9.1.Explains labor quality management performance evaluation criteria | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
9.2.Questions the requirements for laboratory security | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
1.2. Establishes technology relationship with creative thinking | 10, 11, 16, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
1.3. Define research ethics and apply them | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
2. Describe national, international studies and resources related to the production and transmission of information | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
2.1. Bologna Process, Lisbon strategy, opens Oslo declaration | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
2.2. Analyzes the effects of this declaration and strategies on innovation in our country | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
2.3. It makes brainstorming about innovation in the field of biochemistry which is the most basic scientific area of life | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
2.4. Explain national and international resources for scientific project | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
2.4.1. The European Union recognizes its support | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
2.4.2. ARDEP, BİDEB .. knows about TÜBİTAK and Industry supports | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
4.2 Questions about which way to follow for transportation | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
5.2 Electrophoresis sample loading implements dyeing and imaging | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
5.3. Questions Isoelectric focusing in electrophoresis | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
5.4. Applying two dimensional electrophoresis | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
5.5. Brainstorming for creative thinking in electrophoretic practice | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
6.2. Describe the difference according to phase types in chromatographical analyzes | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
6.3. Brainstorming for creativity in chromatographical analyzes | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
7.5. Explains the radioactive labeled immunoassays | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
8.5. Apply creative ideas when applying these methods | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
9.3. Questions Test performance competence questions | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
Teaching Methods: | 10: Discussion Method, 11: Demonstration Method, 16: Question - Answer Technique, 19: Brainstorming Technique, 6: Experiential Learning, 9: Lecture Method |
Assessment Methods: | A: Traditional Written Exam, D: Oral Exam, E: Homework |
Course Outline
Order | Subjects | Preliminary Work |
---|---|---|
1 | Creative thinking and research ethics in basic health sciences | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
2 | National, international studies and resources on the production and transmission of information | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
3 | Preparation of scientific publications and project examples and protection of the right of intellectual property | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
4 | Methods of panda and cell purification | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
5 | Electrophoresis differentiation methods (I) | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
6 | Electrophoresis differentiation methods (II) | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
7 | Chromotographic methods according to separation mechanisms (I) | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
8 | Chromotographic methods according to separation methods (II) | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
9 | Immunological methods | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
10 | Immunohistochemical differentiation methods | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
11 | Radioactive labeled immunological methods | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
12 | Methods of protein separation by chemical methods | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
13 | Methods of separation and measurement of lipids by chemical methods | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
14 | Quality management in laboratories | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
Resources |
1) Clinical Chemistry Techniques,Prınciples,Correlations(M.Bishop,Fody E,Schoeff LE) 2) Clinical chemistry ; Theory , analysis , correlation ed.Lawrence A.Kaplan, Amadeo J.Pesce , Mosby Elsevier 5. Baskı, 2010 3) Cryer P. The research students guide to success 4) Whimster WF. Biomedical research:How to plan, publis and presented 5) Oglen TE, Goldberg IA. Research proposal: A guide to success 6) Yalın R. Bilimsel makale nasıl yazılır ve yayınlanır? Turkish journal of surgery 24(2):100-103, 2008. 7) İmamoğlu SZ, Açıkgöz A.Milli yenilik sistemleri ve Türkiye için öneriler. Girişimcilik ve İnovasyon Yönetimi Dergisi Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management ) 1 (1): 69-96, 2012. 8) Kaynak. Ali Riza Erdem Bilimsel etik Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi 2:1:25-32,2012 9)Gülbaş SY. İnovasyon:Teknopark Modeli . ANKEM Derg 2011;25(Ek 2):139-145 10) Demir M ve Geyik O. Türkiye’de AR-GE ve inovasyon harcamalarının gelişim süreci ve ekonomik etkileri. Journal of Life Economics 2: 171-186, 2014. |
Course Contribution to Program Qualifications
Course Contribution to Program Qualifications | |||||||
No | Program Qualification | Contribution Level | |||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
1 | Defines macro and micromolecules in cell and body fluids at an advanced level. | X | |||||
2 | Knows how to store and protect the material to be analyzed. | X | |||||
3 | Knows how to identify molecules found in cells and body fluids. | X | |||||
4 | Knows the principles of technologies to be used for routine and research purposes. | X | |||||
5 | Knows how to evaluate the results of the study, interprets and questions. | X | |||||
6 | Knows how to use field-specific tools and equipment | X | |||||
7 | Knows how to access and interpret field-specific resources and information | X | |||||
8 | Shares information with disciplines related to the field | X | |||||
9 | Combines theoretical and factual knowledge with critical thoughts, conducts independent studies, evaluates the results, compares them with the literature, and gets them accepted by authors and scientific journals. | X | |||||
10 | Solves a scientific and technical problem, knows where to get help. | X | |||||
11 | Takes responsibility in joint scientific studies, contributes and works in harmony. | X | |||||
12 | Participates in meetings related to the field of biochemistry, presents papers, participates in discussions and congresses, publishes studies in reputable journals specific to the field. | X | |||||
13 | Collects, interprets, applies, announces data related to the field of biochemistry, conducts social and cultural studies, and supervises these studies scientifically and socially. | X | |||||
14 | Can take part in management activities, evaluate the results obtained to improve quality | X |
Assessment Methods
Contribution Level | Absolute Evaluation | |
Rate of Midterm Exam to Success | 50 | |
Rate of Final Exam to Success | 50 | |
Total | 100 |
ECTS / Workload Table | ||||||
Activities | Number of | Duration(Hour) | Total Workload(Hour) | |||
Course Hours | 14 | 2 | 28 | |||
Guided Problem Solving | 14 | 4 | 56 | |||
Resolution of Homework Problems and Submission as a Report | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Term Project | 4 | 5 | 20 | |||
Presentation of Project / Seminar | 2 | 5 | 10 | |||
Quiz | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Midterm Exam | 1 | 25 | 25 | |||
General Exam | 1 | 30 | 30 | |||
Performance Task, Maintenance Plan | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Total Workload(Hour) | 169 | |||||
Dersin AKTS Kredisi = Toplam İş Yükü (Saat)/30*=(169/30) | 6 | |||||
ECTS of the course: 30 hours of work is counted as 1 ECTS credit. |
Detail Informations of the Course
Course Description
Course | Code | Semester | T+P (Hour) | Credit | ECTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RESEARCH TECHNIQUES in BIOCHEMISTY II | - | Spring Semester | 2+2 | 3 | 6 |
Course Program |
Prerequisites Courses | |
Recommended Elective Courses |
Language of Course | Turkish |
Course Level | Third Cycle (Doctorate Degree) |
Course Type | Elective |
Course Coordinator | |
Name of Lecturer(s) | Prof.Dr. Neslin EMEKLİ, Prof.Dr. Türkan YİĞİTBAŞI, Assoc.Prof. Sultan Sibel ERDEM, Assist.Prof. Gözde ÜLFER, Assist.Prof. Çağrı ÇAKICI, Assist.Prof. Derya CANSIZ |
Assistant(s) | |
Aim | Detailed information about the methods and devices used in biochemical research |
Course Content | This course contains; Creative thinking and research ethics in basic health sciences,National, international studies and resources on the production and transmission of information,Preparation of scientific publications and project examples and protection of the right of intellectual property,Methods of panda and cell purification,Electrophoresis differentiation methods (I),Electrophoresis differentiation methods (II),Chromotographic methods according to separation mechanisms (I),Chromotographic methods according to separation methods (II),Immunological methods,Immunohistochemical differentiation methods,Radioactive labeled immunological methods,Methods of protein separation by chemical methods,Methods of separation and measurement of lipids by chemical methods,Quality management in laboratories. |
Dersin Öğrenme Kazanımları | Teaching Methods | Assessment Methods |
1-Evaluate creative thinking and research ethics in biochemistry and basic health sciences | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
1.1Analyze creative thinking about vital events in and out of the cell | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
3-To prepare the scientific publications and project examples and to know explains the legislation on the protection of the right of intellectual property | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
3.1.Abstract, introduction and purpose in the scientific publication, methods used, explains and rules that should be considered in the discussion | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
3.2.Provides national and international project support applications | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
3.3.Explain the concept of protection of copyrights, copyright, patent | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
4-Apply the methods of purification and cell purification | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
4.1.Applies to preparative and analytical purification methods of enzymes and proteins | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
4.3.Excraction, precipitation, definition of separation rules in ultracentrifuge | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
4.4.Explains how to make molecules of various sizes in dialysis | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
4.5.What conditions will the molecule be stored in question? | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
5-Discuss electrophoretic separation methods | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
5.1.Explains Electrophoresis varieties | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
6-Explains chromatographic separation methods | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
6.1.Discuss the difference between several chromatographic methods | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
7-Immunological and immunohistochemical methods questions | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
7.1.Inquire the principles of immunelectrophoresis | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
7.2.Analyze various types of immunoelectrophoresis | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
7.3.Explains Immunohistochemical methods used in body fluids | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
7.4.Discuss the use of immunohistochemical methods in diagnosis and treatment, may develop creative ideas | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
8-Analyzes the various differentiation methods related to macromolecules | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
8.1.Analyze chemical separation methods related to proteins | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
8.2.Analyze the chemical separation methods related to nucleic acids | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
8.3.Analyze chemical separation methods related to lipids | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
8.4.Describe chemical separation methods related to carbohydrates | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
9-Questions about laboratory quality management | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
9.1.Explains labor quality management performance evaluation criteria | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
9.2.Questions the requirements for laboratory security | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
1.2. Establishes technology relationship with creative thinking | 10, 11, 16, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
1.3. Define research ethics and apply them | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
2. Describe national, international studies and resources related to the production and transmission of information | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
2.1. Bologna Process, Lisbon strategy, opens Oslo declaration | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
2.2. Analyzes the effects of this declaration and strategies on innovation in our country | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
2.3. It makes brainstorming about innovation in the field of biochemistry which is the most basic scientific area of life | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
2.4. Explain national and international resources for scientific project | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
2.4.1. The European Union recognizes its support | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
2.4.2. ARDEP, BİDEB .. knows about TÜBİTAK and Industry supports | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
4.2 Questions about which way to follow for transportation | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
5.2 Electrophoresis sample loading implements dyeing and imaging | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
5.3. Questions Isoelectric focusing in electrophoresis | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
5.4. Applying two dimensional electrophoresis | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
5.5. Brainstorming for creative thinking in electrophoretic practice | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
6.2. Describe the difference according to phase types in chromatographical analyzes | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
6.3. Brainstorming for creativity in chromatographical analyzes | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
7.5. Explains the radioactive labeled immunoassays | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
8.5. Apply creative ideas when applying these methods | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
9.3. Questions Test performance competence questions | 10, 11, 16, 19, 6, 9 | A, D, E |
Teaching Methods: | 10: Discussion Method, 11: Demonstration Method, 16: Question - Answer Technique, 19: Brainstorming Technique, 6: Experiential Learning, 9: Lecture Method |
Assessment Methods: | A: Traditional Written Exam, D: Oral Exam, E: Homework |
Course Outline
Order | Subjects | Preliminary Work |
---|---|---|
1 | Creative thinking and research ethics in basic health sciences | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
2 | National, international studies and resources on the production and transmission of information | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
3 | Preparation of scientific publications and project examples and protection of the right of intellectual property | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
4 | Methods of panda and cell purification | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
5 | Electrophoresis differentiation methods (I) | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
6 | Electrophoresis differentiation methods (II) | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
7 | Chromotographic methods according to separation mechanisms (I) | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
8 | Chromotographic methods according to separation methods (II) | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
9 | Immunological methods | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
10 | Immunohistochemical differentiation methods | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
11 | Radioactive labeled immunological methods | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
12 | Methods of protein separation by chemical methods | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
13 | Methods of separation and measurement of lipids by chemical methods | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
14 | Quality management in laboratories | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
Resources |
1) Clinical Chemistry Techniques,Prınciples,Correlations(M.Bishop,Fody E,Schoeff LE) 2) Clinical chemistry ; Theory , analysis , correlation ed.Lawrence A.Kaplan, Amadeo J.Pesce , Mosby Elsevier 5. Baskı, 2010 3) Cryer P. The research students guide to success 4) Whimster WF. Biomedical research:How to plan, publis and presented 5) Oglen TE, Goldberg IA. Research proposal: A guide to success 6) Yalın R. Bilimsel makale nasıl yazılır ve yayınlanır? Turkish journal of surgery 24(2):100-103, 2008. 7) İmamoğlu SZ, Açıkgöz A.Milli yenilik sistemleri ve Türkiye için öneriler. Girişimcilik ve İnovasyon Yönetimi Dergisi Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management ) 1 (1): 69-96, 2012. 8) Kaynak. Ali Riza Erdem Bilimsel etik Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi 2:1:25-32,2012 9)Gülbaş SY. İnovasyon:Teknopark Modeli . ANKEM Derg 2011;25(Ek 2):139-145 10) Demir M ve Geyik O. Türkiye’de AR-GE ve inovasyon harcamalarının gelişim süreci ve ekonomik etkileri. Journal of Life Economics 2: 171-186, 2014. |
Course Contribution to Program Qualifications
Course Contribution to Program Qualifications | |||||||
No | Program Qualification | Contribution Level | |||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
1 | Defines macro and micromolecules in cell and body fluids at an advanced level. | X | |||||
2 | Knows how to store and protect the material to be analyzed. | X | |||||
3 | Knows how to identify molecules found in cells and body fluids. | X | |||||
4 | Knows the principles of technologies to be used for routine and research purposes. | X | |||||
5 | Knows how to evaluate the results of the study, interprets and questions. | X | |||||
6 | Knows how to use field-specific tools and equipment | X | |||||
7 | Knows how to access and interpret field-specific resources and information | X | |||||
8 | Shares information with disciplines related to the field | X | |||||
9 | Combines theoretical and factual knowledge with critical thoughts, conducts independent studies, evaluates the results, compares them with the literature, and gets them accepted by authors and scientific journals. | X | |||||
10 | Solves a scientific and technical problem, knows where to get help. | X | |||||
11 | Takes responsibility in joint scientific studies, contributes and works in harmony. | X | |||||
12 | Participates in meetings related to the field of biochemistry, presents papers, participates in discussions and congresses, publishes studies in reputable journals specific to the field. | X | |||||
13 | Collects, interprets, applies, announces data related to the field of biochemistry, conducts social and cultural studies, and supervises these studies scientifically and socially. | X | |||||
14 | Can take part in management activities, evaluate the results obtained to improve quality | X |
Assessment Methods
Contribution Level | Absolute Evaluation | |
Rate of Midterm Exam to Success | 50 | |
Rate of Final Exam to Success | 50 | |
Total | 100 |